GRAMMAR

1. Definition of Subject, Verb, Complement, Modifier

a. Subject

definition : The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an action or which is associated with the action. The subject is typically a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun. In a declarative sentence, the subject usually appears before the verb ("Gus never smiles"). In an interrogative sentence, the subject usually follows the first part of a verb ("Does Gus ever smile?").

b. Verb

definition : Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.

c. Complement

definition : A complement completes the verb. It is similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase; however, it generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice.

d. Modifier

definition : A modifier tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.

Example :

1. josephira is buying a new bag in the store

(Josephira = Subject | is buying = verb phrase | a new bag = complement | in the store = modifier of place)

2. Vina write the letter on the paper

(Vina = Subject | write = verb | the letter = complement | on the paper = modifier )

3. Udin, Sukesih, and I went to a restaurant last night

(Udin, Sukesih, and I = Subject | went = verb | to a restaurant = complement | last night = modifier of time)

4. Amrozy is cooking dinner tonight.

(Amrozy = Subject | is cooking = verb phrase | dinner = complement | tonight = modifier of time)

5. Asep and Nori have visited the president in his house.

(Asep and Nori = Subject | have visited = verb phrase | the president = complement | in his house = modifier of place)

2. Pronouns

There are five forms of pronouns in english; subject pronouns, complement pronouns (object pronouns), possessive pronouns, possessive adjectives and reflexive pronouns.

a. Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns occur in the subject position of a sentence or after the verb be.

Verbs: I, you, he, she, it, they, we 

Example: I am playing a ball

b. Complement Pronouns

Complement pronouns occur in complement position, whether they complement a verb or a preposition.

Verbs: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

Example: Rico called me on the phone.

c. Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives are not the same as possessive pronouns. These simply modify, rather than replace, nouns; possessive pronouns replace nouns. Possessive forms indicate ownership.

Verbs: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their

Example: Paul is washing his car.

d. Possessive Pronouns

These pronouns cannot precede a noun. They are pronouns and thus replace the noun. The noun is understood from the context and is not repeated.

NOTE:

mine = my + noun; for example, my car.

yours = your + noun; for example, your car.

hers = her + noun; for example, her car.

Verbs: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs.

Example: This is your car = This is yours

e. Reflexive Pronouns

These pronouns usually follow the verb and indicate that the subject is both giving and receiving the action.

Verbs: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

Example: his mother bought him a new car = John bought himself a new car.

http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/subject.htm