Information Question (5W + 1H), Yes/No Question and Tag Questions

1. Information Question (5W+1H)

One of the most universally used tools for information gathering, analysis, organization and presentation is the 5W1H framework. This method is used across a range of professions, from process analysts to quality engineers to journalists, to understand and explain virtually any problem or issue. The same method can be used to organize the writing of reports, articles, white papers, and even whole books.

           

The 5Ws + H formula has been attributed to English rhetorician Thomas Wilson, who introduced the method in his discussion of the "seven circumstances" of medieval rhetoric.

To be a journalist 5W 1H is very important, especially to write "lede" (some call it "leads") news, which is a paragraph (or two paragraphs) opening news. In approximately 35-40 words, should insert the 5W 1H. It was in the news writing.

Applying the 5W1H framework to other types of writing or investigation takes some interpretation. The order in which the answers to the questions is presented may vary, but the “what” is usually addressed first.

·         What

In journalism, the “what” identifies an event and is often stated in the “lead (or lede),” the first paragraph of a news story. The “what” is the primary subject, the reason the information is being gathered and presented. Apart from journalism, it may be stated in a title and in a purpose statement. The “what” may need to be defined, a process that may comprise the remainder of a document. Example :    What, specifically,…?

·         Who

A news story identifies who an event involves. The “who” may be part of the lede, and could be the reason the story is news worthy. In other contexts, the “who” identifies the persons or groups the “what” concerns. It might describe the audience of a document, or those who are affected by a policy, process or procedure. Example :    Who benefits?

·         When

A key part of a news story is describing when an event happened. Answering the “when” indicates any time sensitivity related to the “what.” It may be part of an instruction regarding the proper point at which a action should be taken. Sometimes it may be part of an “If…then” scenario of conditional action. Example :    When will it start/end?

·         Where

A news story reports the location at which an event took place. The “where” describes a geographical or physical location of importance to the “what.” At times, the where may be less important than other factors. Example :    Where are you?

·         Why

The “why” is usually the most neglected of the questions in the framework. News stories often lack information from authoritative sources to explain the “why.” In other contexts, the “why” may be considered irrelevant, particularly when describing a policy or procedure decreed by an organizational authority. Efforts to ascertain and explain the “why” may help those affected be more accepting of any change the “what” requires. Example :    Why does that happen?

·         How

For journalists, determining how an event took place may be nearly as challenging as explaining the “why,” although more effort is usually put to satisfying the question. When describing policies, processes or procedures, the how may be the most important part of the effort. A considerable appetite for understanding how to do something can be found across audiences. Sometimes effort focuses on the “what” when more work should be devoted to explaining the “how.” Example :    How much?

2. Yes/No Question

Yes-No question is a question that requires a yes answer (yes) or no (no). Yes-no question can be made by changing the declarative sentence (statement). You have to know which one subject, the main verb (not followed by any verb), and the auxiliary verb (primary auxiliary verb / capital).

The yes-no question is found in three varieties: the inverted question, the typical exemplar of this kind; the inverted question offering an alternative (which may require more than a simple yes or no for an answer); and the tag question:

Are you going? (inversion)

Are you staying or going? (inversion with alternative)

You’re going, aren’t you? (tag)

Examples Declarative Sentence:

1. Caca should see the dentist as soon as possible.

2. Zula is kindhearted young man.

3. Your father works hard.

That needs to be done to form a yes-no question is a helping verb move to the front of the sentence, the main verb changed into a basic form (bare infinitive) only for simple tense, as well as adding a question mark (question mark) at the end of the sentence.

3. Tag Questions

in a tag question, the speaker makes a statement, but is not completely certain of the truth, so he or she uses a tag question to verify the previous statement. Sentences using tag questions should have the main clause separated from the tag by a comma. The sentence will always end a question mark.Example:

1. There are only twenty-eight days in February, aren’t there?

2. It’s raining now, isn’t it?

3. The boys don’t have class tomorrow, do they?

4. You and i talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we?

5. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, haven’t they?

GRAMMAR

1. Definition of Subject, Verb, Complement, Modifier

a. Subject

definition : The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an action or which is associated with the action. The subject is typically a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun. In a declarative sentence, the subject usually appears before the verb ("Gus never smiles"). In an interrogative sentence, the subject usually follows the first part of a verb ("Does Gus ever smile?").

b. Verb

definition : Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.

c. Complement

definition : A complement completes the verb. It is similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase; however, it generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice.

d. Modifier

definition : A modifier tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.

Example :

1. josephira is buying a new bag in the store

(Josephira = Subject | is buying = verb phrase | a new bag = complement | in the store = modifier of place)

2. Vina write the letter on the paper

(Vina = Subject | write = verb | the letter = complement | on the paper = modifier )

3. Udin, Sukesih, and I went to a restaurant last night

(Udin, Sukesih, and I = Subject | went = verb | to a restaurant = complement | last night = modifier of time)

4. Amrozy is cooking dinner tonight.

(Amrozy = Subject | is cooking = verb phrase | dinner = complement | tonight = modifier of time)

5. Asep and Nori have visited the president in his house.

(Asep and Nori = Subject | have visited = verb phrase | the president = complement | in his house = modifier of place)

2. Pronouns

There are five forms of pronouns in english; subject pronouns, complement pronouns (object pronouns), possessive pronouns, possessive adjectives and reflexive pronouns.

a. Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns occur in the subject position of a sentence or after the verb be.

Verbs: I, you, he, she, it, they, we 

Example: I am playing a ball

b. Complement Pronouns

Complement pronouns occur in complement position, whether they complement a verb or a preposition.

Verbs: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

Example: Rico called me on the phone.

c. Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives are not the same as possessive pronouns. These simply modify, rather than replace, nouns; possessive pronouns replace nouns. Possessive forms indicate ownership.

Verbs: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their

Example: Paul is washing his car.

d. Possessive Pronouns

These pronouns cannot precede a noun. They are pronouns and thus replace the noun. The noun is understood from the context and is not repeated.

NOTE:

mine = my + noun; for example, my car.

yours = your + noun; for example, your car.

hers = her + noun; for example, her car.

Verbs: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs.

Example: This is your car = This is yours

e. Reflexive Pronouns

These pronouns usually follow the verb and indicate that the subject is both giving and receiving the action.

Verbs: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

Example: his mother bought him a new car = John bought himself a new car.

http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/subject.htm