1. Definition of Subject, Verb,
Complement, Modifier
a. Subject
definition : The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an
action or which is associated with the action. The subject is typically a noun,
noun phrase, or pronoun. In a declarative sentence, the subject usually appears
before the verb ("Gus never smiles"). In an interrogative sentence,
the subject usually follows the first part of a verb ("Does Gus ever
smile?").
b. Verb
definition : Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of
an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love)
of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.
c. Complement
definition : A complement completes the verb. It is similar to the
subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase; however, it generally
follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice.
d. Modifier
definition : A modifier tells the time, place or manner of the action.
Very often it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a group of
words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.
Example :
1. josephira is buying a new bag in the store
(Josephira = Subject | is buying = verb phrase | a new bag = complement
| in the store = modifier of place)
2. Vina write the letter on the paper
(Vina = Subject | write = verb | the letter = complement | on the paper
= modifier )
3. Udin, Sukesih, and I went to a restaurant last night
(Udin, Sukesih, and I = Subject | went = verb | to a restaurant =
complement | last night = modifier of time)
4. Amrozy is cooking dinner tonight.
(Amrozy = Subject | is cooking = verb phrase | dinner = complement |
tonight = modifier of time)
5. Asep and Nori have visited the president in his house.
(Asep and Nori = Subject | have visited = verb phrase | the president =
complement | in his house = modifier of place)
2. Pronouns
There are five forms of pronouns in english; subject
pronouns, complement pronouns (object pronouns), possessive pronouns,
possessive adjectives and reflexive pronouns.
a. Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns occur in the subject position of a sentence or after
the verb be.
Verbs: I, you, he, she, it, they, we
Example: I am playing a ball
b. Complement Pronouns
Complement pronouns occur in complement position, whether they
complement a verb or a preposition.
Verbs: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
Example: Rico called me on the phone.
c. Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives are not the same as possessive pronouns. These
simply modify, rather than replace, nouns; possessive pronouns replace nouns.
Possessive forms indicate ownership.
Verbs: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
Example: Paul is washing his car.
d. Possessive Pronouns
These pronouns cannot precede a noun. They are pronouns and thus
replace the noun. The noun is understood from the context and is not repeated.
NOTE:
mine = my + noun; for example, my car.
yours = your + noun; for example, your car.
hers = her + noun; for example, her car.
Verbs: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs.
Example: This is your car = This is yours
e. Reflexive Pronouns
These pronouns usually follow the verb and indicate that the subject is
both giving and receiving the action.
Verbs: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves.
Example: his mother bought him a new car = John bought himself a new
car.
http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/subject.htm