1.
Information Question (5W+1H)
One of the most
universally used tools for information gathering, analysis, organization and
presentation is the 5W1H framework. This method is used across a range of
professions, from process analysts to quality engineers to journalists, to
understand and explain virtually any problem or issue. The same method can be
used to organize the writing of reports, articles, white papers, and even whole
books.
The 5Ws + H formula has
been attributed to English rhetorician Thomas Wilson, who introduced the method
in his discussion of the "seven circumstances" of medieval rhetoric.
To be a journalist 5W 1H is very
important, especially to write "lede" (some call it
"leads") news, which is a paragraph (or two paragraphs) opening news.
In approximately 35-40 words, should insert the 5W 1H. It was in the news
writing.
Applying the 5W1H
framework to other types of writing or investigation takes some interpretation.
The order in which the answers to the questions is presented may vary, but the
“what” is usually addressed first.
·
What
In journalism, the “what” identifies an
event and is often stated in the “lead (or lede),” the first paragraph of a
news story. The “what” is the primary subject, the reason the information is
being gathered and presented. Apart from journalism, it may be stated in a
title and in a purpose statement. The “what” may need to be defined, a process
that may comprise the remainder of a document. Example : What, specifically,…?
·
Who
A news story identifies who an event
involves. The “who” may be part of the lede, and could be the reason the story
is news worthy. In other contexts, the “who” identifies the persons or groups
the “what” concerns. It might describe the audience of a document, or those who
are affected by a policy, process or procedure. Example : Who benefits?
·
When
A key part of a news story is describing
when an event happened. Answering the “when” indicates any time sensitivity
related to the “what.” It may be part of an instruction regarding the proper
point at which a action should be taken. Sometimes it may be part of an
“If…then” scenario of conditional action. Example : When will it start/end?
·
Where
A news story reports the location at
which an event took place. The “where” describes a geographical or physical
location of importance to the “what.” At times, the where may be less important
than other factors. Example : Where
are you?
·
Why
The “why” is usually the most neglected
of the questions in the framework. News stories often lack information from
authoritative sources to explain the “why.” In other contexts, the “why” may be
considered irrelevant, particularly when describing a policy or procedure
decreed by an organizational authority. Efforts to ascertain and explain the
“why” may help those affected be more accepting of any change the “what”
requires. Example : Why does that
happen?
·
How
For journalists, determining how an
event took place may be nearly as challenging as explaining the “why,” although
more effort is usually put to satisfying the question. When describing
policies, processes or procedures, the how may be the most important part of
the effort. A considerable appetite for understanding how to do something can
be found across audiences. Sometimes effort focuses on the “what” when more
work should be devoted to explaining the “how.” Example : How much?
2.
Yes/No Question
Yes-No question is a
question that requires a yes answer (yes) or no (no). Yes-no question can be
made by changing the declarative sentence (statement). You have to know which
one subject, the main verb (not followed by any verb), and the auxiliary verb
(primary auxiliary verb / capital).
The yes-no question is
found in three varieties: the inverted question, the typical exemplar of this
kind; the inverted question offering an alternative (which may require more
than a simple yes or no for an answer); and the tag question:
Are you going?
(inversion)
Are you staying or
going? (inversion with alternative)
You’re going, aren’t
you? (tag)
Examples Declarative Sentence:
1. Caca should see the dentist as soon
as possible.
2. Zula is kindhearted young man.
3. Your father works hard.
That needs to be done
to form a yes-no question is a helping verb move to the front of the sentence,
the main verb changed into a basic form (bare infinitive) only for simple
tense, as well as adding a question mark (question mark) at the end of the sentence.
3.
Tag Questions
in a tag question, the
speaker makes a statement, but is not completely certain of the truth, so he or
she uses a tag question to verify the previous statement. Sentences using tag
questions should have the main clause separated from the tag by a comma. The
sentence will always end a question mark.Example:
1. There are only twenty-eight days in
February, aren’t there?
2. It’s raining now, isn’t it?
3. The boys don’t have class tomorrow,
do they?
4. You and i talked with the professor
yesterday, didn’t we?
5. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, haven’t they?